Urban Planning Strategies for Sustainable City Development: A Comprehensive Analysis

Abstract

The 21st century has been unequivocally declared the century of the city. As urban populations swell, accounting for over 55% of the global populace—a figure projected to reach 68% by 2050 (United Nations, 2019)—the imperative for sustainable urban development has transitioned from an idealistic aspiration to an existential necessity. Cities are simultaneously the primary engines of economic growth, generating over 80% of global GDP, and the principal contributors to environmental degradation, accounting for approximately 70% of global carbon emissions and consuming over two-thirds of the world’s energy. This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of contemporary urban planning strategies aimed at fostering sustainable city development. Moving beyond the traditional tripartite model of environmental, economic, and social sustainability.